Starting and lighting system.



w. A. TUR BAYNE.

STARTING AND LIGHTING SYSIEM, APPLICATION FILED MAR. 9. I916. HEIIEWEDLSEPT IS. I91? I Patented Dec. 18,1917.

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w.,A-. TURBAYNL; STAHT|NG AND LIGHTING SY STEM. APPLICATION FILED MAR 9, 1916 RENEWED SEPT- !9. 1911.

Patented Dec. 18,191?

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This ap'plicationis a division of my ap- UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

wrLLIAM A. 'rumaaYNE, or NIAGARA FALLS, new YORK, ASSIGNOR r0 U. s. LIGHT a HEAT CORPORATION, OF NIAGARA FALLS, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION or new YORK.

surname AND LIGHTING SYSTEM.;

Specification of Letters Iatent.

Patented Dec. 18, 1917.

Original application fllednecember gfi, 1912, Serial No. 738,629,, ,Divided and this application filed March 9,

' 1916, Serial No. 83,191. Renewed September 19, '1917. Serial NO. 192,228.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, \VIL'LIAM A. Ton

BAYNE, a citizen of the United States, re-

an improved system involving a novel dy 'namo-electric mach ne wherein efliclent operation as a motor is obtained and wherein, as a'genera tor, close inherent regulation is plication, Serial No. 738,629, for dynamo electric machine, filedDecember 26, 1912. An object of the invention isto provide a stem of starting and. lighting in which a Single dynamo electric machine may be used for cranking the engine and for gener- [rating current for charging and lighting purposes, without the use of auxiliary regulating apparatus.

A further object is to provide a single unit starting and lighting system, in which the unit has maximum efliciency both as a motor and as a generator.

A further object is to provide a starting and lighting system in which maximum efli- I ciency is, attained with few parts.

-Further objects will be apparent as the description proceeds,

Referring to the: drawings Figure 1 illustrates diagrammatically the dynamo-electric machine when operating as a motor. i

Fig. 2 illustrates diagrammatically the -dynamo-electric machine when operating as a generator. Fig. 3 illustrates diagrammatically a section through the armature and one set of poles. V

Fig. 4, illustrates diagrammatically the circuits employed when the machine is used in connection with an automobile selfstqrtcr. V ff"Fig. 5 is a vertical section on the line B, Fig. 6, at right angles to the armature shaft of the machine when used in connection with an automobile self-starter.

Fig. 6 isa vertical section through Fig. 5. The dynamo-electric. machine comprises an armature 1 of the Gramme or ring The external field comprises a circular yoke 12 provided "with poles 13 having windings 14.

In Figsrl and 2 the magnetic flux is in dicated by broken lines, the direction being indicated by'the arrow-heads. The direction of the current in the various conductors is indicated by crosses and'dot's, the

crosses indicating that the current flows downward in the direction away from'the observer, and the dots indicating that the current flows upward or toward the ob server. The feathered arrows indicate the direction of rotation of the armature.

Inorder to obtain an efficient motor in which. all armature conductors are effective in exerting torque, the external and internal fields are energized as indicated in Fig. 1, so that adjacent external and internalpoles are of like-polarity. \Vhile flux .from these adjacent poles will, therefore,

pass through the armature core in the'same direction, the flux from'the respective poles will cross the external and internal armature conductors in opposite directions. Therefore,botl external and internal turns of the armature will exert torque in the direction indicated by the feathered arrow.

With but a single set of poles, for example, the internal poles, not only would the external-armature conductors not be effective to assist the internal conductors in exerting torque, but in most cases would actually exert a contrary efi'ect. Thus when, as is customary in certain classes of work, it is necessary to operate the armature at a comparatively high flux density, a certain amount of magnetic flux would pass beyond the armature core which, by its action on the external'conductors, wouldproduce a Eprque opposing that produced by the 1nrnal conductors.

In order to obtain avariable speed generator which is self-regulating and in which sparking at the brushes is eliminated, the external and internal fields are. oppos tely energized, as indicated in Fig. 2. Thls is generally accomplished by connecting the windings on the internal poles in shunt to the armature and connecting the windings on the external poles in opposition thereto in series. These connections will-cause theadjacent external and internal poles to be of opposite polarity. This will result in magnetic flux being diverted from the armature core, a'sindicated by the dotted lines 15, Fig.

2, in degree depending upon the value of current in the external 'or series'field windings 14. It will be obvious that current through these coils 14, and; therefore, the

total current furnished by the generator to the external circuit, cannot attain a value sufiicient to cause the exciting force of the external field poles to equal that of the internal field poles, for should this c'ondition obtain, the E. M. F. set up in the external armature'conductors would be equal, and the ,resulting E. M, F. across the brushes of the-generator would be zero, an obviously impossible condition, regardless of the speed of rotation of thegenerator,

Be ulation of the generator output does .not epend upon the differential action of the series winding in reducingthe initial flux setup by the shunt winding, but de-.,

pends. on the G. E. M. F. developed in the external armature conductors in passing through the fiux diverted from the armature core and directed into the external field poles.

Furthermore, on account of the greater also the greate width of armature teeth onpolar'embrace of the external pole faces as compared with the internal-pole faces, and

.the outer armature periphery, assuming an equivalent air gap clearance, the magnetic reluctance ofthe external magnetic circuit w ill be very much less than that of the internal.

Consequently, the windings acting on the external poles will be much more efiective than would be the case if these windings acted on the internal poles, as in the case ofxan ordinary diflferential machine regulating by reason of I the differential action ,of' windingsarranged on the same poles.

, The "flux in the internal poles does not change in direction or magnitude nordoes the symmetryaxis of the flux become altered, since the tendency to'dis'tortion of the flux by reason of the armature currents will be substantially canceled. Thus, al-

though the internal armature conductors will have a generator reaction tending to distort the flux in the direction of rotation, the outer armature conductors will have a motor reaction tending to distort the flux in the opposite direction, so that the coils undergoing commutation will be in a substantially neutral field.

A machine of this character is especially adapted for use in an automobile self-starter in which the machine first operates as a motor to start the engine and thereafter as a.

generator driven by the-engine to light the lamps and charge the storage battery.

Fig. 4 illustrates .the circuit connections and Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate the mechanical details when the improved dynamo-electric machine is used in an automobile self-starter.

In these figures the elements which come spond-to elements described in connection with Figs. 1 and 2, are designated by the same reference characters.

The armature 1 is preferably proportioned to act as the fly-wheel for the automobile engine. The laminated armature ring 7, slotted to receive the armature coils 6, is carried bye cylindrical carrier 15, secured to the engine shaft; A flange 16 on the c'arrier supports the commutator 17 The internalfield yoke 8., with its pole pieces 9 and windings 11, and the external field yoke'12, with its windings 14, arecarried y an inclosing cas.

ing 18, bolted to the frame-0f engine E as Brushes 4 and 5 are carried by arms 20 extendlng from the casing 18.

Any suitable form of automobile driving clutch may be used. The form chosen for illustration is of the multiple disk type in WlllCl'l' one set of clutch members 21 are loosely carriedby bolts 22 mounted in the cylindrical carrier..15.- The cooperating clutch members 23 are carried in the annular frame 24, mounted for'rotation and limited endiwise movement with respectto the engine shaft. The frame 24 i's -su'itably coupled to the driving shaft of the automobile. t on 1nserts 25 provide therequired friction surfaces between. the cob crating clutch members; The clutchmembers' are adapted to be engaged or disengaged in the usual manner by movement of the frame 24 longitudinally of the engine shaft. The spring 26, through suitable mechanical connections, tends to hold the clutch members in engagement. The electrical connections are illustrated in Fig. 4.- The internal field'vvindings -11 arepreferably connected in shunt across the generator brushes, while the external field windings 14 are 'preft 'ably connected in series with the armature. A batter'y27 and lamps or other devices 28, are connected in parallel branches across the generator pole pieces 13 and Fricleads 29 and 30. An automatic switch'of any preferred type is preferably provided in one of the generator leads. A shunt closing coil 31 and a series holding coil 32 control contacts 33 to automatically connect and disconnect the generator and the battery and lamps depending on the generator voltage.

An auxiliary starting switch 34 is controlled by a foot pedal or other device 35,

and controls a motor circuit whereby cur rent may be supplied from the battery. to

energize the motor for starting purposes.

The engine is started by closing the manually controlled switch 34:, thus supplying currentto the dynamo-electric machine from battery 27through' conductor 36, switch 34, conductor 37, main lead 29, series field 14,

'positive brushes 4, armature 1,,negative brushes 5, conductors 30 and 38 to the negative terminal ofthe battery. The shunt field coils 11 are also energized so that, asillustrated in Fig. 1, the shunt and series coils acttogether to produce a high torque for starting the engine.

After the engine has started, the manual switch may be released, whereuponthe dynamo'electric machine will operate as a simple shunt-wound generator rapidly increasing in voltage until the predetermined,

voltage is 'attained at which the automatic switch closes. The external and internal fields will now become energized as illustrated in Fig. 2 and although the engine speed may increase greatly, the generator will beautomatically re ulated to maintain the voltage within safe imits for charging the battery and supplying the lamps.

By employing this improved dynamo-electric machine in an automobile self-starter, it is possible to operate the motor with a comparatively high flux density in the armature core, for the magnetic flux which passes beyond the core, not only does not counteract the starting torque, but assists the same. Furthermore, when'operating as a generator,

the auxiliary regulators ordinarily required to regulate the generator output throughout the wide range of speed at which such machines are customarily operated,.may be dispensed with and 2* the sametime, practically sparklesscommutation is assured.

The embodiment of the invention herein described is, of'course, for the purpose of illustration only, as it is apparent that many modifications and changesmayebe employed, I all of which fall within the scope of the invention which is defined in the appended claims. i

Having described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is 1. In an automobile selfstarter, inrom,

bination with the automobile engine, a starting motor provided'with a ring wound armature acting as the fly-wheel of the en-.

gine, stationary internal field poles and windings thereon, and stationary external field poles opposite each internal field pole and windings thereon, one set of said windings being series connected-and the other set beingshunt connected, the windings bein relatively so wound that opposite externa and internal poles are of like polaritywhen' the machine acts as a motor, whereby the density of the armature flux may be a maximum and whereby both external, and internal armature turns may be efi'ective in producing the starting torque.

"2.. In an automobile self-starter, in combination with the. automobile engine, a

dynamo-electric machine having a ring wound armature acting as the fly-wheel of the engine, stationary internal field poles and windings thereon, and stationary externalfieldpoles opposite each internal field pole and windings thereon, one set of said windings 'being series connected and the.

relatively so wound that opposite external and internal field poles are of like polarity when .the machine acts as a starting motor thereby "permitting. operation of the armacrank shaft to act as the 'fly-wh'eel for theengine, and a field structure including field poles external of the armature and field poles internal of the armature, one external field pole being approximately opposite each internal pole, said poles being carried by a common frame fixedly mounted on the en gine casing.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name.

WILLIAM A. TURBAYNE.

other set being shunt connected and being 

